Seijin-shiki in Japan: A Celebration of Adulthood
Seijin-shiki, or Coming of Age Day, is a cherished tradition in Japan that celebrates young adults as they step into maturity. Held every January, this event combines cultural rituals, elegant attire, and community pride to mark the pivotal age of 20.
Honoring the Transition to Adulthood with Tradition and Festivity
Seijin-shiki (成人式) is one of Japan’s most culturally significant ceremonies, celebrating the transition from youth to adulthood. This long-standing tradition marks a pivotal moment in the lives of young Japanese people who turn 20 years old, the age of majority until 2022 when it was lowered to 18. However, Seijin-shiki ceremonies continue to honor those turning 20, as it remains the legal age for activities such as alcohol consumption and gambling. Held annually on the second Monday of January (January 13th this year), the event is rich in tradition, symbolism, and festivity.
A Historical Perspective
Seijin-shiki has its roots in the Nara Period (710–794), evolving from a ceremony called genpuku, which was held to mark the coming of age for young boys from noble families. Over the centuries, the custom expanded to include young women and became more inclusive across social classes. The modern Seijin-shiki was formalized during the Meiji Era (1868–1912), when it was standardized as a public event. Today, it is recognized as a national holiday called Coming of Age Day or Seijin no Hi.
The Significance of Turning 20
In Japan, turning 20 has traditionally symbolized the legal and social transition to adulthood. At this age, individuals are granted the right to vote, drink alcohol, and sign contracts independently. The ceremony represents not only these new responsibilities but also the acknowledgment of their maturity by their family and community.
Although the legal age of adulthood in Japan was lowered to 18 in 2022, the cultural importance of Seijin-shiki at 20 remains unchanged. This distinction reflects the enduring cultural value of tradition over purely legal definitions.
Preparing for the Ceremony
In the weeks leading up to Seijin-shiki, participants prepare meticulously for the event. For young women, the highlight is wearing a furisode, a type of formal kimono distinguished by its long, flowing sleeves and vibrant designs. These kimonos are often rented due to their expense, but they hold deep cultural significance, symbolizing youth and singlehood. Professional hairstyling, makeup, and assistance with the kimono are typically required to complete the look.
Young men traditionally wear hakama, a type of pleated trousers paired with a kimono. In recent years, however, it has become increasingly common for men to wear Western-style suits, reflecting a blend of modernity and tradition.
The Ceremony Itself
Seijin-shiki ceremonies are typically hosted by local municipalities at community centers or public halls. The event often begins with a formal speech by local government officials, congratulating the new adults and offering guidance on their responsibilities in society. The speeches are followed by the presentation of commemorative gifts, such as certificates or small tokens, to mark the occasion.
The atmosphere at these gatherings is a mix of solemnity and celebration. While the speeches emphasize the gravity of adulthood, the camaraderie among participants creates a festive environment. Many attendees take the opportunity to reconnect with childhood friends, share stories, and take photos together in their formal attire.
Post-Ceremony Festivities
After the formalities, the newly recognized adults often celebrate with friends and family. These celebrations can range from intimate family dinners to lively gatherings at restaurants or izakayas (Japanese-style pubs). The post-ceremony festivities are an opportunity to bond and reflect on the journey ahead as adults.
In urban areas, it is common to see groups of young people in traditional attire walking around popular landmarks for photo opportunities. Cities like Tokyo and Kyoto are particularly vibrant on this day, with the colorful kimonos adding a festive charm to the streets.
Modern Challenges and Adaptations
Seijin-shiki has faced challenges in recent years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced many municipalities to cancel or postpone ceremonies. Some regions adapted by hosting virtual events or smaller, socially distanced gatherings. These adaptations demonstrate the resilience and evolving nature of this tradition.
Another challenge is the declining youth population in Japan due to low birth rates. Smaller municipalities, in particular, have seen reduced participation in Seijin-shiki, leading to discussions about how to preserve its cultural significance in the future.
A Day of Pride and Reflection
For participants, Seijin-shiki is more than a rite of passage—it is a day of pride, reflection, and gratitude. It provides an opportunity to honor their upbringing, acknowledge the support of family and community, and look forward to the responsibilities and opportunities of adulthood.
As Japan continues to navigate social and demographic changes, the enduring appeal of Seijin-shiki serves as a testament to the nation’s deep respect for tradition and its ability to adapt to the times. Whether celebrated in grand halls or small gatherings, Seijin-shiki remains a cherished milestone in the lives of young Japanese people.
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